From the game's encyclopedia
Meritocratic Khanate is a Bureaucratic Government Form similar to the Celestial and Meritocratic, but originating from a Nomadic Government Form. The Liege appoints characters as Governors, of which there are two types, Civil and Military. They still maintain Tributaries, enforce Obedience, and have a higher maximum Dread.
Characters have access to Influence, Noble Families, and Family Mansions.
Independent Rulers have Legitimacy, while Vassals focus on obtaining Merit.
The game's text for patch 1.20.1.2. Words in blue are entries of the encyclopedia: hover one to read it, as in the game.
Meritocratic Khanate is an entry of Crusader Kings III's in-game encyclopedia (All Under Heaven). The game explains it: "Meritocratic Khanate is a Bureaucratic Government Form similar to the Celestial and Meritocratic, but originating from a Nomadic Government Form." It is part of administrative_government. Patch 1.20.1.2, from game/common/game_concepts/tgp_game_concepts.txt and game/localization/english/game_concepts_l_english.yml.
Source: game/common/game_concepts/tgp_game_concepts.txt, game/localization/english/game_concepts_l_english.yml and the English localisation, Crusader Kings III 1.20.1.2.