How likely a child is to be born with a parent's congenital trait — Genius, Herculean, Beautiful, Giant… — from the game's own childbirth rules, for one child or several.
In Crusader Kings III a child inherits a congenital trait outright with 80% chance when both parents have it, 50% when one has it and the other carries it, 25% when only one has it; if that fails it may carry it hidden. When both parents have a leveled trait, 40% of their children are born one level up (the 80% who inherit it × 50% reinforcement). Patch 1.20.1.2, from game/common/defines/00_defines.txt (NCharacter, NDomain, NProvince, NChildbirth).
From two Quick parents to a Genius heir is 2 level-ups. Expected generations, if each generation the heir is the child who went up and marries someone of the same level: 2 children: 3.1 (2.6 with Convergent Blood); 3 children: 2.6 (2.2 with Convergent Blood); 4 children: 2.3 (2.1 with Convergent Blood).
Your parents, your trait
The child
One child
At least one of 3
Genius (one level up)
40%
78.4%
Intelligent
40%
78.4%
Carries Intelligent without showing it
20%
48.8%
None of these (a lower level is possible — not computed)